taken from http://www.historyofinformation.com/expanded.php?category=Military+%2F+Warfare+%2F+Cyberwarfare
Umayyad
Caliphate was the second of the four
major Islamic caliphates established after the death
of Muhammad. It was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty, whose name
derives from Umayya ibn Abd Shams, the
great-grandfather of the first Umayyad caliph. Although the Umayyad family
originally came from the city of Mecca, their capital was Damascus.
At its greatest extent, it covered more than five million square miles
(13,000,000 km2), making it one of the largest empires the world
had yet seen, and the seventh largest contiguous
empire ever to exist. After the Umayyads were overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphate, they
fled across North Africa to the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus), where they
established the Caliphate of Córdoba, which lasted until 1031 before
falling due to the Fitna of al-Ándalus. The timeline below illustrated the important events happened during the particular period, integrated together with diagram to show the extension of Islam into other regions.
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